Cesty k paritě: Zastoupení žen ve funkcích ministrů v zemích Latinské Ameriky Prečítať

PATHS TO PARITY: WOMEN´S REPRESENTATION IN MINISTERIAL POSITIONS IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES

Petra Poskočilová

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Politické vedy, Volume 19, Number 3/2016, pages 151-172

Odporúčaná forma citácie článku / Recommended form for quotation ofthe article:

POSKOČILOVÁ, P. 2016.Cesty k paritě: Zastoupení žen ve funkcích ministrů v zemích Latinské Ameriky. In Politické vedy. [online]. Roč. 19, č. 3, 2016. ISSN 1335–2741, s. 151-172. Dostupné na internete: <http://www.politickevedy.fpvmv.umb.sk/archiv-vydani/2016/3-2016/petra-poskocilova.html>.

ABSTRACT

Women´s representationn in politics in Latin America hasgrown significantly in the last twenty years. There are more women in parliaments, more female presidents and presidentical candidates, and more female ministers as well. Since 2000 seven out of nineteen Latin American countries have achieved substantially high number of female ministers (40 –50 per cent and more in presidential cabinets. Also the percentage of female ministers has increased about 16 % without using gender quotas, during the last four presidential terms. The main goal of the article was to find out circumstances contributing to the increase, and factors influencing decisions of the presidents to appoint female ministers. The research included the percentage of women holding ministerial seats in each of last four presidential terms in nineteen countries of Latin America (up to 2016). In the study was used ordinary least square regression to examine the influence of explanatory variables (the ideology of presidents, their effort to be reelected, percentage of women in parliaments and socioeconomic development of Latin American countries) on the number of female ministers. In conclusion, the analysis confirmed higher tendency to appoint women in the cases of leftist presidents, striving for reelection in the countries with higher percentage of women in parliament . The results also indicated connections between appointment of women and populism and indirect influence of legislative gender quotas on women´s representation in government, which are possible ways for future research.

Key words: Latin America, ministers, parity, representation, women